Multiple Choice Questions
1. Which of the following segments of the nephron is not permeable to water?
The correct answer is C.
2. The Na-K-Cl cotransporters are expressed at the:
The correct answer is C.
3. The stoichiometry of the Na-K-Cl cotransporter expressed in the renal tubular cells is:
The correct answer is A.
4. Which enzyme, transporter or ion channel is the molecular target of the loop diuretic bumetanide (or furosemide)?
The correct answer is D.
5. Which of the following nephrons is the most important in urine concentration?
The correct answer is C.
6. When the kidney is forming maximally concentrated urine, what percentage of urea contributes to the osmolarity of the renal medullary interstitium?
The correct answer is D.
7. When high levels of ADH (anti-diuretic hormone) are present, what will be the approximate osmolarity of the tubular fluid at the end of the collecting ducts?
The correct answer is B.
8. At the thick ascending limb of the loop of Henle, what is the maximal concentration gradient between the tubular fluid and the interstitial fluid?
The correct answer is D.
9. ADH increases the permeability of the inner medullary collecting ducts to:
The correct answer is A.
10. Which of the following blood vessels act as a "countercurrent exchanger"?
The correct answer is A.
11. What is/are the function(s) of the vasa recta?
- i. To provide the metabolic needs of the tubular cells
- ii. To create medullary hyperosmolarity
- iii. To prevent medullary hyperosmolarity from being dissipated
- iv. To form part of the tubuloglomerular feedback mechanism
The correct answer is B.
12. What is the prime driving force for the "countercurrent multiplier system"?
The correct answer is B.
13. Which of the following statements about the osmolarity of tubular fluid is correct?
The correct answer is C.
14. Which of the following statements about the collecting ducts is correct?
The correct answer is A.
15. Which of the following statements about the vasa recta is correct?
The correct answer is B.